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Turkey has ranked 153 out of 180 countries in the Reporters Without Borders' (RSF) 2021 World Press Freedom Index, up from 154th last year.
The government controls most of the national media and uses regulatory bodies to "marginaline and eliminate critics," says the RSF.
"Even if Turkey is no longer the world's biggest jailer of journalists, the risk of imprisonment and the fear of being subjected to judicial control or stripped of one's passport is ever-present.
"The government controls 90 percent of the national media by means of regulators such as the High Council for Broadcasting (RTÜK), while the Press Advertising Council (BİK), which allocates state advertising, and the Presidential Directorate for Communications (CİB), which issues press cards, use clearly discriminatory practices in order to marginalise and criminalise the regime's media critics. All means possible are used to eliminate pluralism.
CLICK - BİA Media Monitoring Reports
CLICK - Media Monitoring Database
CLICK - Media Ownership Monitor Turkey
"In this "New Turkey" marked by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's hyper-presidency, one in which arbitrary decisions by magistrates and government agencies are the new normal, Internet censorship has reached unprecedented levels.
"Questioning the authorities and the privileged is now almost impossible. If international social media platforms fail to appoint a legal representative in Turkey and apply the censorship decisions taken by Turkey's courts, they are exposed to an escalating range of sanctions that include fines, withdrawal of advertising and reduction in the bandwidth available to them." (HA/VK)
